Effects of different physical factors on osteogenic differentiation

Osteoblasts are essential for bone formation and can perceive external mechanical stimuli, which are translated into biochemical responses that ultimately alter cell phenotypes and respond to environ-mental stimuli, described as mechanical transduction. These cells actively participate in osteogenesis and the formation and mineralisation of the extracellular bone matrix. This review summarises the basic physiological and biological mechanisms of five different physical stimuli, i.e. light, electricity, magne-tism, force and sound, to induce osteogenesis; further, it summarises the effects of changing culture conditions on the morphology, structure and function of osteoblasts. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for further studies on bone physiology and pathology at the cytological level and will be useful in the clinical application of bone formation and bone regeneration technology.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Osteoblasts are key players in bone formation and can sense mechanical stimuli, converting them into biochemical responses through mechanical transduction. These cells actively participate in osteogenesis and the formation and mineralization of the extracellular bone matrix. This review summarizes the physiological and biological mechanisms behind five different physical stimuli (light, electricity, magnetism, force, and sound) that induce osteogenesis, and also discusses the effects of culture conditions on the morphology, structure, and function of osteoblasts. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for studying bone physiology and pathology at the cellular level and have implications in the clinical application of bone formation and regeneration technology.