The chemistry of H2NC in the interstellar medium and the role of the C + NH3 reaction☆

We carried out an observational search for the recently discovered molecule H2NC, and its more stable isomer H2CN, toward eight cold dense clouds (L1544, L134N, TMC-2, Lupus-1A, L1489, TMC-1 NH3, L1498, and L1641N) and two diffuse clouds (B0415+379 and B0355+508) in an attempt to constrain its abundance in different types of interstellar regions and shed light on its formation mechanism. We detected H2NC in all but one of the cold dense clouds targeted, while H2CN was only detected in five out of the eight clouds. The column densities derived for both H2NC and H2CN are in the range 10(11)-10(12) cm(-2), and the abundance ratio H2NC/H2CN varies between 0.51 and >2.7. The metastable isomer H2NC is therefore widespread in cold dense clouds, where it is present with an abundance similar to that of H2CN. We did not detect H2NC or H2CN in any of the two diffuse clouds targeted, meaning we can make no conclusions regarding how the chemistry of H2NC and H2CN varies between dense and diffuse clouds. We find that the column density of H2NC is correlated with that of NH3, which strongly suggests that these two molecules are chemically linked, ammonia most likely being a precursor of H2NC through the C + NH3 reaction. We performed electronic structure and statistical calculations that show that both H2CN and H2NC can be formed in the C + NH3 reaction through two different channels involving two different transition states that are very close in energy. The predicted product branching ratio H2NC/H2CN is very method dependent, but values between 0.5 and 0.8 are the most likely. Therefore, both the astronomical observations and the theoretical calculations support the reaction C + NH3 being the main source of H2NC in interstellar clouds.

Automated summary

This study conducted an observational search for the molecules H2NC and H2CN in different types of interstellar regions, aiming to understand their abundance and formation mechanism. H2NC was detected in all but one of the cold dense clouds targeted, while H2CN was only detected in five out of the eight clouds. The column densities of H2NC and H2CN ranged from 10(11) to 10(12) cm(-2), and the abundance ratio H2NC/H2CN varied between 0.51 and >2.7. The chemical link between NH3 and H2NC was supported by the correlation between their column densities. The reaction C + NH3 was found to be the main source of H2NC in interstellar clouds according to both astronomical observations and theoretical calculations.