KMT-2021-BLG-1150Lb: Microlensing planet detected through a densely covered planetary-caustic signal

Aims. Recently, there have been reports of various types of degeneracies in the interpretation of planetary signals induced by planetary caustics. In this work we check whether such degeneracies persist in the case of well-covered signals by analyzing the lensing event KMT-2021-BLG-1150, the light curve of which exhibits a densely and continuously covered short-term anomaly. Methods. In order to identify degenerate solutions, we thoroughly investigated the parameter space by conducting dense grid searches for the lensing parameters. We then checked the severity of the degeneracy among the identified solutions. Results. We identify a pair of planetary solutions resulting from the well-known inner-outer degeneracy, and find that interpreting the anomaly is not subject to any degeneracy other than the inner-outer degeneracy. The measured parameters of the planet separation (normalized to the Einstein radius) and mass ratio between the lens components are (s, q)(in) similar to (1.297, 1.10 x 10(-3)) for the inner solution and (s, q)(out) similar to (1.242, 1.15 x 10(-3)) for the outer solution. According to a Bayesian estimation, the lens is a planetary system consisting of a planet with a mass M-p = 0.88(-0.36)(+0.38) M-J and its host with a mass M-h = 0.73(-0.30)(+0.32) M-circle dot lying toward the Galactic center at a distance DL = 3.8(-1.2)(+1.3) kpc. By conducting analyses using mock data sets prepared to mimic those obtained with data gaps and under various observational cadences, we find that gaps in data can result in various degenerate solutions, while the observational cadence does not pose a serious degeneracy problem as long as the anomaly feature can be delineated.

Automated summary

In this study, the existence of degeneracies in the interpretation of planetary signals induced by planetary caustics is investigated. The case of well-covered signals is analyzed using the lensing event KMT-2021-BLG-1150, which exhibits a densely and continuously covered short-term anomaly. Through thorough parameter space exploration, a pair of planetary solutions resulting from the inner-outer degeneracy is identified, and it is found that there are no other degeneracies in interpreting the anomaly. The measured parameters of the planet separation and mass ratio are determined, and the lens is estimated to be a planetary system located towards the Galactic center.