Journal
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
Volume 84, Issue 4, Pages 427-435Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00998-z
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In this study, the degradability of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid in river soils was evaluated to understand their impact on perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) levels in the Yodo River Basin. The influence of abiotic oxidation on PFCA formation in soils and the presence of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) as precursors were also investigated. The findings suggest that PFOA is rapidly removed from water systems but persists in soils. Evaluating FTOHs and other precursors is necessary for accurate prediction of PFCA accumulation and fate in the environment.
Our previous studies reported that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination decreased in well, tap, and surface water around a fluoropolymer plant in Osaka, Japan, between 2003 and 2016. In this study, we evaluated the degradability of PFOA and perfluorohexanoic acid in river soils to identify the influence of the degradation on the perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the Yodo River Basin. We also investigated the influence of abiotic oxidation on the formation of PFCAs in soils and measured the fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) as precursors of PFCAs in the soil and air samples collected at Osaka and Kyoto. No major degradations were observed in soils contaminated with PFCA during the 24-week experimental period, while the PFOA levels increased only in the control group. The PFCA levels significantly increased after oxidation in this group. The dominant FTOH in soils was 10:2 FTOH, whereas 6:2 FTOH was dominant in the air samples. These findings suggest that PFOA was rapidly removed from water system but persist in soils. Moreover, the results indicate the need to evaluate not only the PFCAs, but also the FTOHs and other precursors for the accurate prediction of PFCA accumulation and fates in the environment.
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