Interventions in primary and community care to reduce urgent paediatric hospital admissions: systematic review

BackgroundThere has been a rise in urgent paediatric hospital admissions and interventions to address this are required. ObjectiveTo systemically review the literature describing community (or non-hospital)-based interventions designed to reduce emergency department (ED) visits or urgent hospital admissions. Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, OVIS SP, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded/ISI Web of Science (1981-present), the Cochrane Library database and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. Study eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and before-and-after studies. ParticipantsIndividuals aged Study appraisal and synthesis methodsPapers were independently reviewed by two researchers. Data extraction and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist was completed (for risk of bias assessment). ResultsSeven studies were identified. Three studies were RCTs, three were a comparison between non-randomised groups and one was a before-and-after study. Interventions were reconfiguration of staff roles (two papers), telemedicine (three papers), pathways of urgent care (one paper) and point-of-care testing (one paper). Reconfiguration of staff roles resulted in reduction in ED visits in one study (with a commensurate increase in general practitioner visits) but increased hospital admissions from ED in a second. Telemedicine was associated with a reduction in children's admissions in one study and reduced ED admissions in two further studies. Interventions with pathways of care and point-of-care testing did not impact either ED visits or urgent admissions. Conclusions and implicationsNew out-of-hospital models of urgent care for children need to be introduced and evaluated without delay. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021274374.

Automated summary

This study systematically reviewed community-based interventions aimed at reducing emergency department visits or urgent hospital admissions for children. The analysis of seven studies found that staff role reconfiguration and telemedicine can reduce ED visits and admissions, while pathways of care and point-of-care testing did not have an impact. Therefore, new out-of-hospital models of urgent care for children need to be introduced and evaluated without delay.