Fabrication of metal-based superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces by laser ablation and magnetron sputtering

Fabricating underwater superoleophobic surfaces is an advanced technique for controlling undesirable oil and wax adhesion on engineering structures and household appliances. This article presented a facile method based on the combination of laser ablation of stainless steel substrates followed by magnetron sputtering of a metallic tungsten target to fabricate superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces. The results showed that the laser-ablated stainless steel substrate without coatings exhibited hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity. However, its transition to superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity with a 0 degrees water contact angle and higher than 156 degrees underwater oil contact angles occurred after the deposition of a thin tungsten film followed by annealing at 300 degrees C. The prepared surface maintained its wetting behavior for more than 4 weeks, even in corrosive aqueous HCl and NaOH solutions. According to the data from SEM and XPS, this distinguished wetting behavior resulted from the presence of the regular microscale texture patterns, abundant hydroxyl content, and low carbon content on the tungsten layer after annealing at 300 degrees C. Thus, laser ablation combined with magnetron sputtering of tungsten demonstrated effective results in fabricating superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces that are independent of the initial wetting of the substrates.

Automated summary

This article presents a convenient method for fabricating superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces by combining laser ablation of stainless steel substrates with magnetron sputtering of tungsten. The results show that the prepared surface exhibits a transition from hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity to superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity after depositing a thin tungsten film and annealing. The surface demonstrates excellent wetting behavior even in corrosive aqueous solutions, which is attributed to the microscale texture patterns, hydroxyl content, and low carbon content on the tungsten layer.