Journal
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
Volume 659, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2023.119199
Keywords
PANI-ZnO nanocomposite catalysts; Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna toxicity; Zn(II) release; Exposure time; Heterogenenous photocatalysis
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The acute toxic effect of home-made PANI-ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst samples was investigated and compared with their surrogates PANIEB, PANI-ES, and ZnO. Daphnia magna showed higher sensitivity to the exposure compared to Vibrio fischeri. The toxicity response increased with exposure time for both tested organisms and was mainly due to the presence of ZnO nanoparticles in the PANI-ZnO composites. The acute toxicity also increased after photocatalytic treatment, which was related to the release of Zn(II) ions.
The acute toxic effect of home-made polyaniline-zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) nanocomposite photocatalyst samples was investigated. Toxicity behaviour was compared with that of their surrogates PANI-emeraldine base (PANIEB), PANI-emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna reacted more sensitively to the exposure than the marine photobacterium Vibrio fischeri and thus higher acute toxicity levels were recorded for Daphnia magna. The toxicity response increased with exposure time for both tested organisms. The hydrophobic PANI-EB was non-toxic, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were toxic towards both test organisms and the main reason of the toxicity of the PANI-ZnO composites. The toxicity behaviour changed with ZnO content rather than the PANI-ZnO nanocomposite synthesis type (in-situ polymerization or hybridization method). The acute toxicity also increased when the PANI-ZnO samples were subjected to UV-A (photocatalytic) treatment (conditions:0.25 g/L catalyst; pH=7.0; t = 180 min; I0 =0.5 W/L). A relationship between the photoinduced Zn(II) release and acute toxicity increase after photocatalytic treatment was evident.
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