Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves from Bangladesh for Polyphenolics by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Together with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Activities

The current study was aimed at optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for polyphenols, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of five varieties of Piper betle L. leaves from Bangladesh. The UAE method was optimized to maximize the polyphenolic extract using single-factor experimentation and central composite circumscribed design. The optimal conditions were determined to use 70:5:25 ethanol:acetic acid:water and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:15.41 for 90 min at 75 degrees C. The antioxidant activity was significant with IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays from 0.17 +/- 0.01 to 0.43 +/- 0.01 mg/mL and 0.04 +/- 0.00 to 0.11 +/- 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Good antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells (20% to 50% viability) were reported with normal cells unaffected. The results suggest that UAE is suitable for the extraction of polyphenolics from betel leaves.

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the extraction of polyphenols, antioxidants, antibacterials, and cytotoxic activities from five varieties of Piper betle L. leaves from Bangladesh. The UAE method was optimized using single-factor experimentation and central composite circumscribed design. The optimal conditions were determined to be 70:5:25 ethanol:acetic acid:water and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:15.41, with an extraction time of 90 min at 75 degrees C. The results showed significant antioxidant activity and good antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells, indicating that UAE is suitable for extracting polyphenolics from betel leaves.