Ultrasensitive determination of ?-conglutin food allergen by means an aptamer assay based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection

The overall objective of this work is the evaluation of different competitive aptamer assays based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection for the determination of beta-conglutin (food protein allergen from lupin) in flour samples. To this end, two competitive aptamer assay schemes were developed using either thiolated aptamers chemisorbed onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or biotinylated aptamers linked to streptavidin-AuNPs. The influence of ICP-MS detection mode (i.e., conventional vs single particle) on assay performance was explored. In the case of the thiolated aptamer, the limit of detection (LoD) obtained using the single particle mode was improved 2-fold as compared to the LoD provided by the conventional mode. With regards to the biotinylated aptamer, the use of the conventional mode provided a 5-fold improvement of LoD as compared to that obtained for the single particle one. Using the optimized conditions, the best LoD of 2 pM was obtained with the biotinylated aptamer operating with conventional ICP-MS detection. When compared to previous reports using the same aptamer in a competitive assay, the developed method significantly improved the LoD by at least an order of magnitude. Different flour samples containing lupin were successfully analyzed according to European Conformity guidelines for the analysis of food contaminants.

Automated summary

The objective of this study is to evaluate different competitive aptamer assays for the detection of beta-conglutin in flour samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Two competitive aptamer assay schemes were developed, one using thiolated aptamers on gold nanoparticles and the other using biotinylated aptamers linked to streptavidin-AuNPs. The influence of ICP-MS detection mode on assay performance was explored. The optimized condition achieved a LOD of 2 pM, significantly improving the LOD compared to previous studies.