TiO2-ZnS Cascade Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Formamidinium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) for tin-based perovskite solar cells is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a ZnS interfacial layer can improve the V-oc and photovoltaic performance of formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI(3)) perovskite solar cells. The TiO2-ZnS electron transporting layer (ETL) with cascade conduction band structure can effectively reduce the interfacial charge recombination and facilitate electron transfer. Our best-performing FASnI(3) perovskite solar cell using the cascaded TiO2-ZnS ETL has achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.27%, with a higher V-oc of 0.380 V, a short-circuit current density of 23.09 mA cm(-2), and a fill factor of 60.01%. The cascade structure is further validated with a TiO2-CdS ETL. Our results suggest a new approach for further improving the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells with a higher V-oc.