The Threat of Vector-Borne Diseases in Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone is vulnerable to a wide range of vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, tsetse flies, black flies, and other vectors. Malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis have posed the greatest threat and have received the most attention in terms of vector control and capacity for diagnosis. However, malaria infection rates remain high, and there is evidence of circulation of other vector-borne diseases, such as chikungunya and dengue, which may go undiagnosed and unreported. The limited understanding of the prevalence and transmission of these diseases restricts the capacity for predicting outbreaks, and impedes the planning of appropriate responses. We review the available literature and gather expert opinions from those working in the country to report on the status of vectorborne disease transmission and control in Sierra Leone, and present an assessment of the threats of these diseases. Our discussions highlight an absence of entomological testing for disease agents and the need for more investment in surveillance and capacity strengthening.

Automated summary

Sierra Leone is vulnerable to various vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, tsetse flies, black flies, and other vectors. While malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis are the most prominent threats, there is also evidence of undiagnosed and unreported diseases like chikungunya and dengue. Limited understanding, lack of entomological testing, and insufficient investment in surveillance are restricting the capacity to predict outbreaks and plan appropriate responses.