Related references
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Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandra Aiello et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccine booster strengthens humoral and Th1-cell responses and increases T-EM cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: A substantial amount of evidence from the past two and a half years has shown the significant roles T cells play in SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-vaccination. Infection or vaccination triggers multi-epitope CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early T cell responses are associated with mild COVID-19 outcomes. Alongside animal model data, these findings suggest that while antibody responses are crucial in preventing infection, T cell responses also contribute to reducing disease severity and controlling infection. T cell memory following vaccination lasts for at least six months. Although SARS-CoV-2 variants affect neutralizing antibody responses, most CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are preserved. This review highlights the extensive progress made, as well as the remaining data and knowledge gaps, in understanding T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
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Hematology
Moshe Mittelman et al.
Summary: Limited evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in patients with impaired immunity. A study on patients with hematological neoplasms showed that vaccinated patients had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death compared to vaccinated controls. Patients receiving treatment had an even higher risk. Ways to enhance COVID-19 immunity in this patient population should be explored.
Article
Hematology
Yair Herishanu et al.
Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have impaired antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. A third dose of the vaccine can improve the antibody response in some CLL patients. Patients on active treatment and those recently treated with anti-CD20 therapy have lower antibody response rates.
Review
Hematology
Lindsey Wang et al.
Summary: This study shows that among the fully vaccinated population, patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) had a significantly higher risk for breakthrough infections compared to patients without cancer. Breakthrough infections in patients with HM were associated with higher rates of hospitalization and mortality.
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Hematology
Vincenzo Marasco et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the serological and T-cell responses of lymphoid malignancy patients after mRNA vaccination, finding that some patients, especially those receiving anti-CD20 antibody treatment, may not effectively develop protective antibodies. T-cell responses were detected in most patients, even in seronegative individuals, but a small percentage of cases had no cellular or humoral responses. This raises concerns about the vaccine efficacy for LM patients, highlighting the need for continued protective measures.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
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Hematology
Ondrej Susol et al.
Summary: The mRNA COMIRNATY vaccine has been administered to 392 patients with a two-dose regimen, resulting in an overall antibody response of 70%. The initial results of administering a third dose to 80 patients who did not achieve seroconversion or had a weak response show promise, especially for patients on anti-CD38 therapy.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
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Letter
Oncology
Lauren C. Shapiro et al.
Article
Immunology
Mark A. Brockman et al.
Summary: Humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are significantly weaker in older adults, and decline over time. Age is a significant predictor of antibody concentration and virus neutralizing activity, even after adjusting for participant demographics.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carla Tortorella et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the immune-specific response after full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying drugs. The results showed that mRNA vaccines induced both humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses against viral spike proteins in the majority of patients with MS. These findings have important implications for promoting vaccination in all MS patients.
Review
Hematology
Joanne S. K. Teh et al.
Summary: This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hematologic malignancies. The results showed that the seropositivity rates after 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were 62% to 66%, and after 1 dose were 37% to 51%. The neutralizing antibody response rates were 57% to 60%, and cellular response rates were 40% to 75%. Active treatment, ongoing or recent treatment with targeted therapies were associated with poor immune responses to COVID-19 vaccine.
Letter
Hematology
Yair Herishanu et al.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Cristina Bagacean et al.
Article
Hematology
Moraima Jimenez et al.
Summary: Recent studies have shown that patients with hematologic malignancies have a suboptimal humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, while data on cellular immunogenicity are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunogenicity following the second dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The results showed that 76.3% of patients developed humoral immunity and 79% had a cellular response. Factors such as hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, active hematologic treatment, and anti-CD20 therapy were associated with a poorer humoral response, while age over 65, active disease, lymphopenia, and immunosuppressive treatment for graft-versus-host disease were associated with an impaired cellular response.
Letter
Oncology
Sidse Ehmsen et al.
Review
Oncology
Aaron Shengting Mai et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the need for booster doses in cancer patients receiving COVID-19 vaccination to improve seroconversion rates. The results show lower seroconversion rates in hematological cancer patients compared to solid cancer patients. Individual patient data analysis also identifies an association between increased duration between the second and third dose, age of the patient, and cancer type with meaningful rise in antibody titres.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
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Oncology
Jose Luis Pinana et al.
Summary: This study found that lack of detectable antibodies at 3-6 weeks after full vaccination was the main variable associated with breakthrough infection, and antibody titers above 250 BAU/mL significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the infection.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Halane Vaillant-Roussel et al.
EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Vanessa Piechotta et al.
Summary: The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with hematological malignancies appears limited and varies across different diseases and treatments. Clinical outcomes are rarely reported, with low rates of infection, symptomatic disease, hospital admission, and death. Seroconversion rates show heterogeneity, with lower response rates in patients receiving B-cell depleting treatment. Vaccine-induced T-cell response and adverse events are rarely reported as well.
BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL
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Hematology
Evangelos Terpos et al.
Summary: Patients with B-cell malignancies have suboptimal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but a third booster dose can enhance the antibody response in some patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Hematology
Marco Salvini et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monica Martinez-Gallo et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a validated assay of T-cell responses as a complement to antibody tests for evaluating the levels of protection generated by natural infection or SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The results showed that the IGRA test detected T-cell responses in naturally exposed and vaccinated individuals, and there was a high correlation with specific antibody levels. These findings suggest that the IGRA test could be a promising tool for measuring the state of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alessandra Aiello et al.
Summary: This study characterized the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay compared with a homemade interferon (IFN)-gamma release assay (IGRA). The results showed that the QuantiFERON assay detected T cell responses mediated by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, while the homemade IGRA-SPIKE test had a higher response rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Oncology
Sean H. Lim et al.
Summary: Patients with hematological malignancies, especially those undergoing active anticancer treatment or on anti-CD20 therapy, show compromised immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. However, booster vaccination can significantly improve antibody responses in indolent B-cell lymphoma patients, and antigen-specific T-cell responses are observed in the majority of patients after a third dose, regardless of their cancer treatment status.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel R. Feikin et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.
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Oncology
Jane C. Figueiredo et al.
Summary: The study showed that patients with solid tumors had higher and sustained antibody levels after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine compared to those with hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, patients receiving B-cell targeted treatment had lower antibody responses. Additionally, solid tumor patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors before vaccination had lower sustained antibody levels than those who received treatment after vaccination.
Article
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Jennifer M. Dan et al.
Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.
Article
Oncology
Livio Pagano et al.
Summary: This study analyzed baseline characteristics and predictors of mortality in hematological malignancy patients with COVID-19. Results showed that a high percentage of patients developed severe/critical symptoms, with a mortality rate of 31.2%, although improved prevention measures have decreased mortality rates despite an increase in reported cases.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
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Shuo Feng et al.
Summary: Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine were identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection. Higher levels of immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates to new populations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.
Article
Hematology
Yair Herishanu et al.
Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a significantly impaired antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which is influenced by disease activity and treatment.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul A. Kristiansen et al.
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Hematology
Paola Ghione et al.
Letter
Oncology
Lee Greenberger et al.
Letter
Oncology
Lee M. Greenberger et al.
Letter
Oncology
Sidse Ehmsen et al.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Delia Goletti et al.
Summary: T-cell responses play a crucial role in COVID-19, providing early detection of disease progression and predictive value for severity and survival rates. Vaccination stimulates robust T-cell responses, contributing significantly to protective immunity, although understanding of long-term T-cell responses remains limited.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Kazimieras Maneikis et al.
Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies exhibit blunted and heterogeneous antibody responses after receiving the full course of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Those actively treated with BTKIs, ruxolitinib, venetoclax, or anti-CD20 antibody therapies show the poorest responses, while patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors or various types of stem-cell transplantation had higher antibody responses. Severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in fully vaccinated patients with haematological malignancies highlight the importance of continued adherence to non-pharmacological interventions and household vaccination.
LANCET HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
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Hematology
Samah Alimam et al.
Summary: The study revealed that MPN patients showed altered immune responses following seasonal influenza A vaccination, characterized by reduced numbers of naive CD4 T cells and delayed/impaired B- and T-memory cells responses at 3-weeks and 3-months post-vaccination.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
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Takuya Sekine et al.
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Jacopo Mariotti et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
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