Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Dioxazinanes and Dioxazepanes with in Situ Generated Nitrones via a Tandem Reaction Pathway Using a Cooperative Cation Binding Catalyst

Heterocyclic skeletons play major roles in pharmaceuticals and biological processes. Cycloaddition reactions are most suitable synthetic tools to efficiently construct chemically diverse sets of heterocycles with great structural complexity owing to the simultaneous or sequential formation of two or more bonds, often with a high degree of selectivity. Herein, we report an unprecedented formal cycloaddition of N-Boc-N-hydroxy amido sulfones as the nitrone precursors with terminal-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls in the presence of Song's chiral oligoethylene glycol as a cation-binding catalyst and KF as a base to afford a wide range of highly enantio- and diastereo-enriched six-membered dioxazinane and seven-membered dioxazepane heterocycles. In this process, nitrones as well as terminal-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls serve as amphiphilic building units, and the reaction proceeds through a tandem pathway sequence of oxa-Mannich reaction/oxa-Michael reaction/tautomerization/protonation. The cation-binding catalysis in a densely confined chiral space in situ formed by the incorporation of potassium salt is the key to this successful catalysis. This strategy opens a new pathway for the asymmetric synthesis of diverse heterocyclic skeletons of great complexity.