C1q is increased in cerebrospinal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease: A multi-cohort proteomics and immuno-assay validation study

IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) may propagate and modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to comprehensively characterize the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EVs to identify proteins and pathways altered in AD. MethodsCSF EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation (Cohort 1) or Vn96 peptide (Cohort 2) from non-neurodegenerative controls (n = 15, 16) and AD patients (n = 22, 20, respectively). EVs were subjected to untargeted quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Results were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Cohorts 3 and 4, consisting of controls (n = 16, n = 43, (Cohort3, Cohort4)), and patients with AD (n = 24, n = 100). ResultsWe found > 30 differentially expressed proteins in AD CSF EVs involved in immune-regulation. Increase of C1q levels in AD compared to non-demented controls was validated by ELISA (similar to 1.5 fold, p (Cohort 3) = 0.03, p (Cohort 4) = 0.005). DiscussionEVs may be utilized as a potential biomarker and may play a so far unprecedented role in immune-regulation in AD.

Automated summary

This study aims to comprehensively characterize the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extracellular vesicles (EVs) to identify proteins and pathways altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). By screening and detecting protein expression, more than 30 differentially expressed proteins involved in immune-regulation were found in AD EVs. The results suggest that EVs may serve as potential biomarkers for AD and play an unprecedented role in immune regulation.