Enabling Future Closed-Loop Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Direct Cathode Regeneration

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) presents serious waste management challenges and environmental hazards for recyclers after scrap. Closed-loop recycling contributes to the sustainable development of batteries and plays an important role in mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. Herein, current direct cathode regeneration methods for industrialized recycling are outlined and evaluated. Different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials are summarized, which provide a new perspective for realizing closed-loop recycling of LIBs. A reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines is proposed and minimizes the costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling are also highlighted.

Automated summary

The rapid spread of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant challenges and environmental risks for recyclers in managing waste and after scrap. Closed-loop recycling plays a crucial role in sustaining battery development and mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. This article outlines and evaluates current methods for direct cathode regeneration in industrialized recycling, summarizes different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials, providing a new perspective for closed-loop recycling of LIBs. A proposed reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines minimizes costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the article also emphasizes the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling.