Generation of 13.9-mJ Terahertz Radiation from Lithium Niobate Materials

Extremely strong-field terahertz (THz) radiation in free space has compelling applications in nonequilibrium condensed matter state regulation, all-optical THz electron acceleration and manipulation, THz biological effects, etc. However, these practical applications are constrained by the absence of high-intensity, high-efficiency, high-beam-quality, and stable solid-state THz light sources. Here, the generation of single-cycle 13.9-mJ extreme THz pulses from cryogenically cooled lithium niobate crystals and a 1.2% energy conversion efficiency from 800 nm to THz are demonstrated experimentally using the tilted pulse-front technique driven by a home-built 30-fs, 1.2-Joule Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. The focused peak electric field strength is estimated to be 7.5 MV cm(-1). A record of 1.1-mJ THz single-pulse energy at a 450 mJ pump at room temperature is produced and observed that the self-phase modulation of the optical pump can induce THz saturation behavior from the crystals in the substantially nonlinear pump regime. This study lays the foundation for the generation of sub-Joule THz radiation from lithium niobate crystals and will inspire more innovations in extreme THz science and applications.

Automated summary

The generation of extremely strong-field terahertz (THz) radiation in free space is crucial for various practical applications. However, the lack of high-intensity, high-efficiency, high-beam-quality, and stable solid-state THz light sources has been a constraint. In this study, the researchers demonstrate the production of single-cycle 13.9-mJ extreme THz pulses using cryogenically cooled lithium niobate crystals and a tilted pulse-front technique. They achieve a 1.2% energy conversion efficiency from 800 nm to THz. These findings have significant implications for extreme THz science and applications.