New alloy design approach to inhibiting hot cracking in laser additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys

Avoiding the formation of cracks to ensure a reliable printability and a good stability is crucial in the laser additive manufacturing of alloys. Contrary to previous studies that have generally tried to decrease the liquid film and solidification range, in this work, we innovatively utilized segregation engineering and abundant cell boundaries to introduce liquid backfilling as well as a network of segregation phases to alleviate thermal stress, consequently eliminating hot cracking. More specifically, zirconium was introduced into a nickel-based superalloy to form a continuous interdendritic liquid film during the laser additive manufacturing process. It was found that the continuous intermetallic Ni11Zr9 segregation phase decorated the cell boundaries, and cracks were completely eliminated in the as-printed Haynes 230 alloys when their Zr content reached 1 wt.%. Moreover, this continuous Ni11Zr9 network layer was able to act as a skeleton to significantly improve the yield strength of the as-printed samples. Following appropriate heat treatment, these Zr-modified Haynes 230 alloys exhibited an extraordinary combination of strength and plasticity, which were superior to those of the previously reported Haynes 230 alloy. These findings provide a new alloy design route for the laser additive manufacturing of crackfree alloys with excellent mechanical properties.

Automated summary

In this study, a new approach utilizing segregation engineering and liquid backfilling was introduced to eliminate hot cracking in laser additive manufacturing of alloys. The introduction of zirconium into a nickel-based superalloy formed a continuous interdendritic liquid film, and the decorated Ni11Zr9 segregation phase on cell boundaries effectively eliminated cracks. Moreover, the continuous Ni11Zr9 network layer significantly improved the yield strength of the as-printed samples and exhibited excellent mechanical properties after appropriate heat treatment.