Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 138, Issue 13, Pages 4494-4501Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13425
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Funding
- EPSRC (Frontier Engineering Grant) [EP/K038648/1]
- EPSRC [EP/K038648/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K038648/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Nonaqueous biocatalysis is rapidly becoming a desirable tool for chemical and fuel synthesis in both the laboratory and industry. Similarly, ionic liquids are increasingly popular anhydrous reaction media for a number of industrial processes. Consequently, the use of enzymes in ionic liquids as efficient, environment-friendly, commercial biocatalysts is highly attractive. However, issues surrounding the poor solubility and low stability of enzymes in truly anhydrous media remain a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that engineering the surface of a protein to yield protein polymer surfactant nanoconstructs allows for dissolution of dry protein into dry ionic liquids. Using myoglobin as a model protein, we show that this method can deliver protein molecules with near native structure into both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anhydrous ionic liquids. Remarkably, using temperature-dependent synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy to measure half-denaturation temperatures, our results show that protein stability increases by 55 degrees C in the ionic liquid as compared to aqueous solution, pushing the solution thermal denaturation beyond the boiling point of water. Therefore, the work presented herein could provide a platform for the realization of biocatalysis at high temperatures or in anhydrous solvent systems.
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