Changes in the mammary gland during aging and its links with breast diseases

The functional capacity of organisms declines in the process of aging. In the case of breast tissue, abnormal mammary gland development can lead to dysfunction in milk secretion, a primary function, as well as the onset of various diseases, such as breast cancer. In the process of aging, the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) within the breast undergo gradual degeneration, while the proportion of adipose tissue in the breast continues to increase and hormonal levels in the breast change accordingly. Here, we review changes in morphology, internal structure, and cellular composition that occur in the mammary gland during aging. We also explore the emerging mechanisms of breast aging and the relationship between changes during aging and breast-related diseases, as well as potential interventions for delaying mammary gland aging and preventing breast disease.

Automated summary

The functional capacity of organisms declines with aging. Abnormal mammary gland development can lead to dysfunction in milk secretion and the onset of diseases such as breast cancer. Aging is characterized by gradual degeneration of the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) in the breast, increased proportion of adipose tissue, and changes in hormonal levels. This review summarizes the changes in morphology, internal structure, and cellular composition that occur in the mammary gland during aging, and explores the mechanisms and relationship between breast aging and breast-related diseases, as well as potential interventions.