Water-Soluble Chemically Precise Fluorinated Molecular Clusters for Interference-Free Multiplex 19F MRI in Living Mice

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is gaining widespread interest from the fields of biomolecule detection, cell tracking, and diagnosis, benefiting from its negligible background, deep tissue penetration, and multispectral capacity. However, a wide range of 19F MRI probes are in great demand for the development of multispectral 19F MRI due to the limited number of high-performance 19F MRI probes. Herein, we report a type of water-soluble molecular 19F MRI nanoprobe by conjugating fluorine-containing moieties with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cluster for multispectral color-coded 19F MRI. These chemically precise fluorinated molecular clusters are of excellent aqueous solubility with relatively high 19F contents and of single 19F resonance frequency with suitable longitudinal and transverse relaxation times for high-performance 19F MRI. We construct three POSS-based molecular nanop-robes with distinct 19F chemical shifts at-71.91, -123.23, and -60.18 ppm and achieve interference-free multispectral color-coded 19F MRI of labeled cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in vivo 19F MRI reveals that these molecular nanoprobes could selectively accumulate in tumors and undergo rapid renal clearance afterward, illustrating their favorable in vivo behavior for biomedical applications. This study provides an efficient strategy to expand the 19F probe libraries for multispectral 19F MRI in biomedical research.

Automated summary

This study presents a water-soluble molecular 19F MRI nanoprobe for multispectral color-coded 19F MRI by conjugating fluorine-containing moieties with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cluster. The chemically precise fluorinated molecular clusters exhibit excellent aqueous solubility, high 19F contents, and suitable relaxation times for high-performance 19F MRI. Three POSS-based molecular nanoprobes with distinct 19F chemical shifts were constructed, enabling interference-free multispectral color-coded 19F MRI of labeled cells in vitro and in vivo. In vivo experiments demonstrated selective accumulation of these molecular nanoprobes in tumors and subsequent rapid renal clearance, highlighting their promising in vivo behavior for biomedical applications. This study provides an efficient strategy to expand the 19F probe libraries for multispectral 19F MRI in biomedical research.