High-Temperature Thermal Reactivity and Interface Evolution of the NMC-LATP-Carbon Composite Cathode

Temperature-assisted densification methods are typically used in oxide-based solid-state batteries to suppress resistive interfaces. However, chemical reactivity among the different cathode components (which include a catholyte, the conducting additive, and the electroactive material) still represents a major challenge and processing parameters need thus to be carefully selected. In this study, we evaluate the impact of temperature and heating atmosphere in the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC), Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 (LATP), and Ketjenblack (KB) system. A rationale of the chemical reactions between components is proposed from the combination of bulk and surface techniques and overall involves a cation redistribution in the NMC cathode material that is accompanied by the loss of lithium and oxygen from the lattice enhanced by LATP and KB, which act as lithium and oxygen sinks. The final result is the formation of several degradation products, starting at the surface, that lead to a rapid capacity decay above 400 degrees C. Both the reaction mechanism and threshold temperature depend on the heating atmosphere, with the air atmosphere being more favorable compared to oxygen or any other inert gases.

Automated summary

Temperature-assisted densification methods are used to suppress resistive interfaces in oxide-based solid-state batteries. However, the chemical reactivity among different cathode components still poses a challenge. This study evaluates the impact of temperature and heating atmosphere on the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC), Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 (LATP), and Ketjenblack (KB) system. The results suggest that the heating atmosphere and reaction mechanism play a role in the degradation and capacity decay of the batteries.