Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 15, Issue 25, Pages 30653-30662Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05045
Keywords
stretchable electronics; soft actuators; electromagneticactuators; cellulose nanofibrils; strain sensors
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Soft vibrotactile devices are important for future developments of multifunctional electronic skin technologies, but currently lack overall performance, sensing-actuation feedback, control, and mechanical compliance. This study presents soft haptic electromagnetic actuators that address these issues by utilizing intrinsically stretchable conductors, pressure-sensitive conductive foams, and soft magnetic composites.
Soft vibrotactile devices have the potential to expandthe functionalityof emerging electronic skin technologies. However, those devices oftenlack the necessary overall performance, sensing-actuation feedbackand control, and mechanical compliance for seamless integration onthe skin. Here, we present soft haptic electromagnetic actuators thatconsist of intrinsically stretchable conductors, pressure-sensitiveconductive foams, and soft magnetic composites. To minimize jouleheating, high-performance stretchable composite conductors are developedbased on in situ-grown silver nanoparticles formed within the silverflake framework. The conductors are laser-patterned to form soft anddensely packed coils to further minimize heating. Soft pressure-sensitiveconducting polymer-cellulose foams are developed and integrated totune the resonance frequency and to provide internal resonator amplitudesensing in the resonators. The above components together with a softmagnet are assembled into soft vibrotactile devices providing high-performanceactuation combined with amplitude sensing. We believe that soft hapticdevices will be an essential component in future developments of multifunctionalelectronic skin for future human-computer and human-roboticinterfaces.
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