THC, CBD, and Anxiety: a Review of Recent Findings on the Anxiolytic and Anxiogenic Effects of Cannabis' Primary Cannabinoids

Purpose of Review In the context of ongoing decriminalization and legalization of cannabis, a better understanding of how THC and CBD impact anxiety is critical to elucidate the risks of recreational cannabis use as well as to establish the therapeutic potential of cannabis products for anxiety-related applications. Recent Findings Recent literature supports anxiogenic effects of THC administration, which may be attenuated among regular cannabis users. Data regarding anxiolytic effects of CBD administration are mixed. Most newer studies contradict earlier findings in reporting no effects of CBD on anxiety in healthy participants, whereas inconsistent results have been reported among individuals with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and other clinical populations. Future research is needed to reconcile heterogenous findings, explore sex differences in the effects of THC and CBD on anxiety, and to assess how effects change with extended exposure; the impact of different CBD doses, and the interactions between THC, CBD, and other cannabis compounds.

Automated summary

In the context of cannabis decriminalization and legalization, understanding the impact of THC and CBD on anxiety is crucial for assessing the risks of recreational cannabis use and exploring the therapeutic potential of cannabis products for anxiety. Current research suggests that THC administration can have anxiety-inducing effects, although these effects may be attenuated in regular cannabis users. Studies on the anxiolytic effects of CBD have shown mixed results, with newer studies contradicting earlier findings. Future research is needed to address inconsistent findings, examine sex differences in the effects of THC and CBD on anxiety, explore the impact of extended exposure, different CBD doses, and interactions between THC, CBD, and other cannabis compounds.