Journal
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040049
Keywords
organophosphate; insecticides; zebrafish; neurodevelopment
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Funding
- La Trobe University Securing Food, Water and the Environment, Research Focus Area Grant Ready Grant [3.2509.07.48]
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Organophosphate insecticides are widely used in agriculture, but only a small percentage actually reaches their target. Exposure to organophosphates can lead to developmental abnormalities and neurological consequences, including neurodegenerative diseases.
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are used to eliminate agricultural threats posed by insects, through inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These potent neurotoxins are extremely efficacious in insect elimination, and as such, are the preferred agricultural insecticides worldwide. Despite their efficacy, however, estimates indicate that only 0.1% of organophosphates reach their desired target. Moreover, multiple studies have shown that OP exposure in both humans and animals can lead to aberrations in embryonic development, defects in childhood neurocognition, and substantial contribution to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Motor Neurone Disease. Here, we review the current state of knowledge pertaining to organophosphate exposure on both embryonic development and/or subsequent neurological consequences on behaviour, paying particular attention to data gleaned using an excellent animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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