Photonic crystal fiber for milk sensing

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented for milk sensing; sensing liquid compounds are injected in core region one by one and various sensing properties are studied numerically. The PCF sensor's performance is examined for different strut sizes and for a variety of frequencies (e.g., 1.0THz <= f <= 3.0THz). When f = 2.8THz, the relative sensitivity is attained 94.586%, 94.696%, and 94.751% for water, camel milk, and buffalo milk; also, the effective area is obtained 186020um2, 187210um2, and 187870um2 for water, camel milk, and buffalo milk; furthermore, the effective material loss is noticed 0.00790 cm-1, 0.00796 cm-1, and 0.00799 cm- 1 for water, camel milk, and buffalo milk, respectively. Moreover, extrusion and 3D-printing methods are potentially capable to fabricate the presented PCF sensor.

Automated summary

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed for milk sensing, where liquid compounds are injected into the core region and their sensing properties are numerically studied. The PCF sensor shows high sensitivity and effective area for water, camel milk, and buffalo milk at a specific frequency, and can be fabricated using extrusion and 3D-printing methods.