Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 72, Issue 12, Pages 2361-2375Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1871-9
Keywords
Chromatin loop; Gene regulation; Epigenetics; Transcription; Regulatory elements
Categories
Funding
- RFBR [15-04-04208-a, 15-04-03973-a, 13-04-93106-CNRS_a]
- Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM)
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Enhancers are positive DNA regulatory sequences controlling temporal and tissue-specific gene expression. These elements act independently of their orientation and distance relative to the promoters of target genes. Enhancers act through a variety of transcription factors that ensure their correct match with target promoters and consequent gene activation. There is a growing body of evidence on association of enhancers with transcription factors, co-activators, histone chromatin marks, and lncRNAs. Alterations in enhancers lead to misregulation of gene expression, causing a number of human diseases. In this review, we focus on the common characteristics of enhancers required for transcription stimulation.
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