First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period

The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad) found on the Carmel coast of Israel held three Late Roman amphorae which contained the remains of small fish. The identified species suggest a previously unknown fish-salting operation at the Sea of Galilee during the early Islamic period. The evidence also points to a distribution or trade centre for salted fish at Caesarea-Maritima after the transition to Islamic rule in the eastern Mediterranean. The results of this study demonstrate the value of archaeozoological methods applied to maritime archaeological contexts, attesting to production and trade activities that left few traces in the archaeological record of antiquity.

Automated summary

The production and trade of salted-fish products in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods are well-documented. Archaeological findings of fish remains in amphorae from shipwrecks provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. A recent study on a shipwreck in Israel revealed evidence of a previously unknown fish-salting operation at the Sea of Galilee during the early Islamic period, as well as the existence of a distribution or trade center for salted fish at Caesarea-Maritima after the transition to Islamic rule. This study highlights the value of archaeozoological methods for understanding production and trade activities that are not well-represented in the archaeological record.