Journal
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 566-571Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.44
Keywords
biomarkers; clinical trials; regulatory functions; type 1 regulatory T cells
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070749, 91442108]
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The lack of immune response to an antigen, a process known as immune tolerance, is essential for the preservation of immune homeostasis. To date, two mechanisms that drive immune tolerance have been described extensively: central tolerance and peripheral tolerance. Under the new nomenclature, thymus-derived regulatory T (tT(reg)) cells are the major mediators of central immune tolerance, whereas peripherally derived regulatory T (pT(reg)) cells function to regulate peripheral immune tolerance. A third type of T-reg cells, termed iT(reg), represents only the in vitro-induced T-reg cells(1). Depending on whether the cells stably express Foxp3, pT(reg), and iT(reg) cells may be divided into two subsets: the classical CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T-reg cells and the CD4(+)Foxp3(-) type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells(2). This review focuses on the discovery, associated biomarkers, regulatory functions, methods of induction, association with disease, and clinical trials of Tr1 cells.
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