Antigenic mapping of emerging SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants and XBB.1

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have spike mutations that allow them to evade antibodies from previous infection or vaccination. Hybrid immunity or booster shots can generate neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants, and breakthrough infections lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases show cross-reactivity with different receptor-binding domains, while primary Omicron infections elicit B cells with narrow specificity. A highly potent pan-variant-neutralizing antibody has been identified as a potential candidate for clinical development.