4.5 Article Proceedings Paper

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH) in Laboratory Animals: Offering an Insight Into Stem Cell Research

Journal

CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 24, Issue 3, Pages 349-366

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.3727/096368915X686850

Keywords

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH); Bone marrow (BM) insufficiency; Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs); Animal models; Extramedullary hematopoietic niche

Funding

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology [NSC 99-2314-B-020-001-MY3, NSC 102-2320-B-020-001-MY2, NSC 102-2314-B-039-021-MY3, MOST 103-2633-B-039-002]
  2. Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial and Research Center of Excellence in Taiwan [MOHW104-TDU-B-212-113002]
  3. China Medical University and Hospital [DMR-104-053]

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a pathological process secondary to underlying bone marrow (BM) insufficiency in adults. It is characterized by the emergence of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors scattered around the affected tissue, most likely in the spleen, liver, and lymph node, etc. EMH in patients frequently receives less medical attention and is neglected unless a compressive or obstructive hematopoietic mass appears to endanger the patient's life. However, on a biological basis, EMH reflects the alteration of relationships among hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their original and new microenvironments. The ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mobilize from the bone marrow and to accommodate and function in extramedullary tissues is rather complicated and far from our current understanding. Fortunately, many reports from the studies of drugs and genetics using animals have incidentally found EMH to be involved. Thereby, the molecular basis of EMB could further be elucidated from those animals after cross-comparison. A deeper understanding of the extramedullary hematopoietic niche could help expand stem cells in vitro and establish a better treatment in patients for stem cell transplantation.

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