Journal
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 6287-6320Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11430-9
Keywords
Smartphone use; Learning effectiveness; Human-computer interface; Media in education; Elementary education
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This study investigated the effects of smartphone use on the perceived academic performance of elementary school students. The results showed that smartphone behavior significantly impacts academic performance and highlights the potential inequality in learning opportunities. Fewer smartphone access opportunities may adversely affect learning effectiveness and academic performance.
This study investigated the effects of smartphone use on the perceived academic performance of elementary school students. Following the derivation of four hypotheses from the literature, descriptive analysis, t testing, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and one-way multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) were performed to characterize the relationship between smartphone behavior and academic performance with regard to learning effectiveness. All coefficients were positive and significant, supporting all four hypotheses. We also used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine whether smartphone behavior is a mediator of academic performance. The MANOVA results revealed that the students in the high smartphone use group academically outperformed those in the low smartphone use group. The results indicate that smartphone use constitutes a potential inequality in learning opportunities among elementary school students. Finally, in a discussion of whether smartphone behavior is a mediator of academic performance, it is proved that smartphone behavior is the mediating variable impacting academic performance. Fewer smartphone access opportunities may adversely affect learning effectiveness and academic performance. Elementary school teachers must be aware of this issue, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The findings serve as a reference for policymakers and educators on how smartphone use in learning activities affects academic performance.
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