Prospective Association Patterns for the Physical Activity Intensity Spectrum With Body Mass Index and Lower Body Muscle Strength in Norwegian Children Aged 3-9 Years

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding prospective associations for physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) with body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength in young children. We aimed to determine prospective associations for PA and SED with change in BMI and standing long jump over 2 and 4 years in children aged 3-5 years at baseline. Methods: A sample of 262 Norwegian children (50% girls) was followed from 2015 to 2017 and/or 2019. PA and SED (hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+) were measured at baseline and BMI and standing long jump at baseline and at follow-ups. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to determine prospective associations between the triaxial PA intensity spectrum (0-99 to >= 15,000 counts per minute) and the change in outcomes. Results: We found significant prospective associations between the PA intensity spectrum and standing long jump at 2- (explained variance = 5.8%-7.7%) and 4-year (explained variance = 4.8%-5.6%) follow-ups. Associations were negative for SED and positive for all PA intensities. We found no associations between PA/SED and BMI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PA and SED can predict future lower body muscle strength but not BMI in early childhood.

Automated summary

This study found prospective associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) with body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength in young children. The results showed that PA can predict changes in muscle strength, while SED is negatively associated with muscle strength. However, there were no significant associations between PA/SED and BMI.