Improving the Rigor of Mechanistic Behavioral Science: The Introduction of the Checklist for Investigating Mechanisms in Behavior-Change Research (CLIMBR)

Diverse fields rely on the development of effective interven-tions to change human behaviors, such as following pre-scribed medical regimens, engaging in recommended levels of physical activity, getting vaccinations that pro-mote individual and public health, and getting a healthy amount of sleep. Despite recent advancements in behav-ioral intervention development and behavior-change science, systematic progress is stalled by the lack of a sys-tematic approach to identifying and targeting mechanisms of action that underlie successful behavior change. Further progress in behavioral intervention science requires that mechanisms be universally prespecified, measurable, and malleable. We developed the CheckList for Investigating Mechanisms in Behavior-change Research (CLIMBR) to guide basic and applied researchers in the planning and reporting of manipulations and interventions relevant to understanding the underlying active ingredients that do- or do not-drive successful change in behavioral outcomes. We report the rationale for creating CLIMBR and detail the processes of its development and refinement based on feedback from behavior-change experts and NIH officials. The final version of CLIMBR is included in full.

Automated summary

Various fields rely on effective interventions to change human behaviors, but the lack of a systematic approach to identifying and targeting mechanisms of action hinders systematic progress in behavior change. The CheckList for Investigating Mechanisms in Behavior-change Research (CLIMBR) was developed to guide researchers in understanding the active ingredients of successful behavior change. The rationale, development process, and final version of CLIMBR are presented.