Characterization strategy for graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide: Proceedings based on the ISO/TS 21356-1:2021 standard

Graphene-related materials are enabling the development of next-generation technologies in several applica-tions. However, the graphene adoption by the industry depends, among other things, on procedures standard-ization. The standardization of graphene characterization protocols has recently experienced major advances owing to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) release of the ISO/TS 21356-1:2021 standard. However, robust strategies for extensive and reliable characterization of graphene oxide (GO), a graphene-related material, are still lacking. The same is true for other two-dimensional nanomaterials such as transition metal dichalcogenides. In this study, we present a strategy for characterization of GO and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based on the ISO/TS standard in light of methods from the scientific literature specifically developed for these materials. The aim was to provide a compendium of techniques for the exhaustive characterization of these nanomaterials, spreading and discussing the best practices available in the literature. Moreover, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of the applicability of the ISO/TS standard for the characterization of two-dimensional materials other than graphene, providing inputs for further development of norms for the charac-terization of GO and MoS2.

Automated summary

Graphene-related materials are crucial for next-generation technologies, and their adoption by the industry relies on standardized characterization protocols. While the ISO/TS 21356-1:2021 standard has made significant progress in standardizing graphene characterization, there is still a need for robust strategies to characterize graphene oxide (GO) and other two-dimensional nanomaterials. This study presents a characterization strategy for GO and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based on the ISO/TS standard and provides recommendations for further development of norms for the characterization of these materials.