Application of Various Optical and Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Detecting Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125): A Review

Nowadays, diagnosing early-stage cancers can be vital for saving patients and dramatically decreases mortality rates. Therefore, specificity and sensitivity in the detection of cancer antigens should be elaborately ensured. Some early-stage cancers can be diagnosed via detecting the cancer antigen CA-125, such as ovarian cancer, and required treatments can be applied more efficiently. Thus, detection of CA-125 by employing various optical or electrochemical biosensors is a preliminary and crucial step to treating cancers. In this review, a diverse range of optical and electrochemical means of detecting CA-125 are reviewed. Furthermore, an applicable comparison of their performance and sensitivity is provided, several commercial detection kits are investigated, and their applications are compared and discussed to determine whether they are applicable and accurate enough.

Automated summary

Diagnosing early-stage cancers is crucial for saving lives and reducing mortality rates. Detection of the cancer antigen CA-125 is a key step in the treatment of certain cancers, such as ovarian cancer. This review discusses various optical and electrochemical methods for detecting CA-125, compares their performance and sensitivity, investigates commercial detection kits, and evaluates their applicability and accuracy.