Using Nanomaterials as Excellent Immobilisation Layer for Biosensor Design

The endless development in nanotechnology has introduced new vitality in device fabrication including biosensor design for biomedical applications. With outstanding features like suitable biocompatibility, good electrical and thermal conductivity, wide surface area and catalytic activity, nanomaterials have been considered excellent and promising immobilisation candidates for the development of high-impact biosensors after they emerged. Owing to these reasons, the present review deals with the efficient use of nanomaterials as immobilisation candidates for biosensor fabrication. These include the implementation of carbon nanomaterials-graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanodots-and MXenes, likewise their synergistic impact when merged with metal oxide nanomaterials. Furthermore, we also discuss the origin of the synthesis of some nanomaterials, the challenges associated with the use of those nanomaterials and the chemistry behind their incorporation with other materials for biosensor design. The last section covers the prospects for the development and application of the highlighted nanomaterials.

Automated summary

The continuous development in nanotechnology has brought new vitality to device fabrication, especially biosensor design for biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, with their excellent characteristics such as biocompatibility, electrical and thermal conductivity, large surface area, and catalytic activity, are considered promising materials for immobilization in the development of high-impact biosensors. This review focuses on the efficient use of nanomaterials as immobilization candidates for biosensor fabrication. It discusses the implementation of various carbon nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanodots) and MXenes, as well as their synergistic effect when combined with metal oxide nanomaterials. The review also covers the challenges, synthesis origins, and chemistry behind incorporating nanomaterials with other materials for biosensor design, as well as the prospects for their development and application.