Journal
TOXICS
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020129
Keywords
blood cadmium; thyroid hormones; smoking status; restricted cubic splines
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This study examined the association between blood cadmium (BCd) exposure and thyroid hormone levels in Korean adults. The results showed nonlinear associations between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers, but no significant associations were found in men or women. The study provides empirical support for establishing an acceptable concentration range of BCd and introduces a new concept for preventing thyroid problems.
Research on the association between blood cadmium (BCd) exposure and thyroid hormone levels in the general population has been inconclusive. Therefore, we examined the associations between BCd and thyroid hormones according to smoking status in Korean adults (N = 1170, Men = 722, Women = 448) using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic splines analysis with data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The geometric mean of BCd was 0.74 mu g/L in all study participants and was higher in smokers (1.01 mu g/L) than in nonsmokers (0.65 mu g/L). Restricted cubic splines analysis revealed nonlinear trends between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers (p for nonlinearity = 0.02). By contrast, there were no significant associations between BCd and thyroid hormones in either men or women. In conclusion, nonlinear associations may exist between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers. Our study provides empirical support for the future formulation of an acceptable concentration range of BCd and offers a new concept for preventing thyroid problems.
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