Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease?

The prevalence of celiac disease increased in recent years. In addition to the genetic and immunological factors, it appears that environmental determinants are also involved in the pathophysiology of celiac disease. Gastrointestinal infections impact the development of celiac disease. Current research does not directly confirm the protective effect of natural childbirth and breastfeeding on celiac disease. However, it seems that in genetically predisposed children, the amount of gluten introduced into the diet may have an impact on celiac disease development. Also western lifestyle, including western dietary patterns high in fat, sugar, and gliadin, potentially may increase the risk of celiac disease due to changes in intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability, or mucosal inflammation. Further research is needed to expand the knowledge of the relationship between environmental factors and the development of celiac disease to define evidence-based preventive interventions against the development of celiac disease. The manuscript summarizes current knowledge on factors predisposing to the development of celiac disease including factors associated with the western lifestyle.

Automated summary

The prevalence of celiac disease has been increasing recently, with genetic and immunological factors as well as environmental determinants playing a role. Gastrointestinal infections can impact the development of celiac disease. Current research does not conclusively confirm the protective effect of natural childbirth and breastfeeding, but the amount of gluten introduced into the diet may affect its development in genetically predisposed children. Moreover, the Western lifestyle, including a diet high in fat, sugar, and gliadin, may increase the risk of celiac disease due to changes in intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability, or mucosal inflammation. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between environmental factors and celiac disease development and to develop evidence-based preventive interventions.