Related references
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Review
Infectious Diseases
Thibault Fiolet et al.
Summary: Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have high efficacy against the original strain and variants of concern, with rare serious adverse events. However, prices vary significantly for different vaccines.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. Gianfagna et al.
Summary: The immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shows significant variation between individuals, even in those who have previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Individuals with prior infection have higher BMI and CRP levels, as well as lower neutrophil count compared to those without prior infection. Baseline levels of IgG are associated with CRP, independent of BMI and inflammatory diseases. Among vaccinated individuals, three patterns of antibody kinetics were observed, with the rapid growth pattern associated with higher baseline IgG levels, as well as higher CRP and MCHC levels. Those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed higher CRP levels, suggesting persistent unresolved inflammation. These CRP levels are the primary determinant of baseline IgG levels and characterize individuals with the most favorable post-vaccine antibody kinetics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Oktavija Dakovic Rode et al.
Summary: Research on post-vaccination antibody dynamics is crucial in estimating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. This study found that antibody levels significantly increased one month after vaccination and exponentially decreased three and six months after complete vaccination. Participants with a prior history of COVID-19 had higher antibody levels, particularly after the first dose. Six months after vaccination, antibody levels were comparable to those seen in COVID-19-naive participants after the first vaccine dose.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deborah Cromer et al.
Summary: By analyzing data on in-vitro neutralization and clinical protection, the study found that neutralizing activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 is highly correlated with neutralization of variants of concern, and can still predict the vaccine's protection against these variants. Simulation results suggest that booster vaccination for previously infected individuals can provide higher levels of protection compared to primary vaccination. Although the protection may decrease within the first year after vaccination, the current vaccines can still offer robust protection in the medium term.
Article
Virology
Erdinc Yavuz et al.
Summary: The first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in Turkey started in mid-January for healthcare workers using the CoronaVac vaccine. After four and a half months, a booster-dose vaccination campaign was rolled out for healthcare workers and individuals over 50 years old, offering a choice between CoronaVac and the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. This study evaluated the antibody response in healthcare workers who received a third booster dose of either CoronaVac or BNT162b2, and found that the BNT162b2 group had significantly higher antibody titers but also reported more adverse events compared to the CoronaVac group.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Kin Israel Notarte et al.
Summary: This review examines the decline in efficacy of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 in preventing breakthrough infections due to diminishing humoral immunity over time. The study finds that the peak humoral response is reached 21-28 days after the second dose, after which antibody levels progressively decline at 4-6 months post-vaccination. Regardless of patient-related factors, antibody levels show a decline in both anti-receptor binding domain IgG and anti-spike IgG. The study highlights the need for more efficient vaccination strategies to combat waning immunity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia et al.
Summary: This study found that a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine administered six months after the original regimen increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers. The booster dose was well tolerated and caused fewer adverse events compared to the first two doses, although specific symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, and adenopathy were more common.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cleo Anastassopoulou et al.
Summary: This study examined the associations between IgG antibody responses against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and epidemiological, behavioral, and clinical parameters in a cohort of healthcare workers in Greece. The findings indicated significant differences between genders and age groups, as well as a decrease in antibody titers with age and time. Females were more likely to experience pain at the injection site. These results provide important clues for the design and timing of booster doses for COVID-19 vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruna Lo Sasso et al.
Summary: Assessing anti-S-RBD IgG levels is essential for monitoring long-term antibody response. A third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces a strong immunological response, supporting the efficacy of the vaccine programs and the usefulness of the third dose.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hiie Soeorg et al.
Summary: In a nationwide study in Estonia, the seroprevalence and dynamics of IgG against COVID-19 were investigated. The overall seroprevalence was 20.1%, with older individuals showing lower antibody levels after vaccination.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Monika Skorupa et al.
Summary: The characteristics of changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG within one year of vaccination in healthcare workers were investigated. It was found that booster doses significantly increased the levels of IgG antibodies and could have a real impact on restricting the further transmission of the virus.
Article
Immunology
Benedikt Simon et al.
Summary: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, the impact of a third vaccine dose (3D) on antibody levels and T cell response in HD patients was assessed. The results showed that the 3D improved antibody and T cell response in most HD patients, although a subgroup of HD patients with diminished response after the first two doses still had lower levels compared to responders and controls.
Article
Virology
Konstantina Kontopoulou et al.
Summary: Real-world data suggests that protection against COVID-19 declines a few months after vaccination, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to analyze the humoral response induced by a third supplemental dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised individuals. The results showed a significant increase in overall IgG antibody titers four weeks after the third vaccine dose, regardless of underlying conditions, age, sex, or the number of days between the second and third dose.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Naif Khalaf Alharbi et al.
Summary: This study investigated the antibody immune responses induced by BNT162b2 and AZD1222 vaccines in human COVID-19 patients. The results showed that both vaccines elicited antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with peak levels reached after the booster dose and maintained at high levels for 6 months. One year post-vaccination, antibody levels were low but significantly increased following a third dose. The study also revealed that previously infected individuals and younger subjects had stronger immune responses to the vaccines. These findings enhance our understanding of the immune responses induced by these vaccines and support the use of a third booster dose for COVID-19 vaccines.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Noa Eliakim-Raz et al.
Article
Immunology
Srikanth Umakanthan et al.
Summary: This study reveals that trust in the social environment is a crucial factor influencing people's information reception and vaccination intention. Official sources and chatting with family and friends play a significant role in people's acquisition of information on the COVID-19 vaccine. Trust in the social environment is higher than trust in vaccines. Demographic factors do not have an impact on vaccination intention.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adina Hutanu et al.
Summary: This study investigated plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers following full vaccination, comparing naive and previously infected individuals. The results showed that previously infected healthcare workers had a 5-fold higher humoral-specific immune response compared to naive individuals who only received the vaccine. Additionally, office-based staff had the highest antibody titers, with nurses having significantly higher titers than doctors among previously infected participants.
HEALTH PROBLEMS OF CIVILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Victoria Higgins et al.
Summary: A study evaluating the quantitative Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay showed high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-infection. The study also demonstrated the assay's highest sensitivity at 15 to 30 days post-KR positivity and varying negative predictive values at different time points post-PCR positivity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rimanshee Arya et al.
Summary: The unprecedented scale of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to an intensive global scientific effort to understand various aspects of the disease in a short period. More than three hundred experimental structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been determined recently, revealing the intricate workings of the viral machinery and their potential as drug targets.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jing Guo et al.
Summary: The study aimed to detect antibody levels 8 months after COVID-19 infection. Most patients had sufficient antibodies to protect them from another COVID-19 episode, especially those with a history of severe illness. Factors like disease severity, C-reactive protein level, and duration of RNA shedding were related to antibody levels after 8 months.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte Manisty et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuping Xie et al.
Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Jyothi N. Purushotham et al.
Article
Immunology
Srikanth Umakanthan et al.
Summary: The study in India revealed that individuals with higher income levels, living in society, showing confidence in the government and healthcare system were more inclined towards vaccination, while those who overstated the risks of COVID-19 and had a religious or populistic attitude towards vaccination were more hesitant or resistant.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hamad Ali et al.
Summary: Individuals with previous COVID-19 infection showed higher and more sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination compared to those without previous infection. Vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection experienced a faster decline in IgG and neutralizing antibodies compared to those with prior infection. Efforts should be made to prioritize vaccination for more individuals, especially those without previous COVID-19 infection, due to inconsistent vaccine supply globally.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Doria-Rose et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Frank Kowalzik et al.
Summary: Increases in global population and population density have led to the spread of emerging pathogens, making vaccines the most cost-effective means of prevention. Traditional methods of vaccine production are not sufficient to ensure global protection, highlighting the urgent need for new technologies. mRNA-based vaccines offer numerous advantages over conventional vaccines, including safety, ability to generate both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, well-tolerated by healthy individuals, cost-effectiveness, and rapid production.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Huihui Zeng et al.
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia. The symptomatic group with pneumonia required more medical resources, while the asymptomatic group had similar viral load and viral shedding duration compared to the symptomatic group. Differences were observed among the four groups in terms of treatment and prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
He S. Yang et al.
Summary: The study found that there are distinct viral-specific antibody response profiles in different age groups with children showing higher levels of antibody response. Therefore, age-targeted strategies for disease screening, management, and vaccine development may be necessary.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sonia Elia Ishaq et al.
Summary: This study investigated the difference in immune response between male and female COVID-19 patients, finding no significant difference in specific antibody production between genders. However, there were slight variations in the correlation between age and antibody levels by gender. Overall, there were no sex biases among COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Iraq.
Article
Immunology
Alexis R. Demonbreun et al.
Summary: In a community cohort without prior COVID-19 infection, women showed a stronger antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to men, especially after the first dose. After two doses, women continued to have significantly higher antibody levels than men, although the virus neutralization rate was similar. Sex-specific antibody responses to mRNA vaccination provide insights into vaccine protection and side effects.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elie Dolgin
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: Vaccine-elicited antibodies have more focused neutralizing activity on the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, while infection-elicited antibodies have broader binding across epitopes; hence, single RBD mutations have less impact on neutralization by vaccine sera.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jia Wei et al.
Summary: A longitudinal study on 45,965 adults in the UK revealed that older individuals, especially those aged >60 years, had lower antibody levels after a single dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines. Prioritizing vaccine allocation for those not previously infected and older individuals for the second dose is recommended based on the findings. Further data is needed to fully understand the relationship between quantitative antibody responses and vaccine-mediated protection.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Andrzej Tretyn et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 virus and cellular immune response after the vaccination with mRNA vaccines. High levels of antibodies were observed in 98% of the vaccinated cohort, and all participants had protective T cells. The immune response is diversified, visible as early as 2-3 weeks after the first dose, and the level of protection significantly increased after the second dose, especially in pre-vaccine healthy subjects.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Arkadiusz Trybek et al.
Summary: Reports suggest that coexisting infection with SARS-CoV-2 may worsen the underlying disease in patients hospitalized with inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues in the head. The paper presents two cases of neck phlegmon in COVID-19 patients, both of which were fatal despite intensive treatment. Further research is needed to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on phlegmon in the head and neck region.
MEDICAL STUDIES-STUDIA MEDYCZNE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalie Yan-Lin Pang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified member of the coronavirus family, has caused the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting lives and livelihoods globally. Understanding the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2 and our immune system's response is crucial for guiding effective treatments. This review discusses neutralising antibodies (NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice, covering aspects such as immune response pathophysiology and the roles of NAbs in infection clearance.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Raul Pellini et al.
Summary: The study found that 99.5% of healthcare workers developed a humoral immune response after vaccination, with female and young participants showing an increased capacity for humoral immune responses. Body mass index and hypertension seem to have no association with the differences in immune response to the vaccine.
Review
Immunology
Lianpan Dai et al.
Summary: The urgent need for vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccine candidates, with some showing positive results in late-stage clinical trials. This article discusses the viral elements used in these candidates, the reasons why they are good targets for the immune system, and their implications for protective immunity. Dai and Gao highlight the importance of selecting the right viral targets in vaccine development to ensure an effective immune response and the overall safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Oriol Miralles et al.
Summary: Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the older population can lead to the development of fairer and more inclusive policies in the future.
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Hossam M. Ashour et al.
Article
Immunology
Zhilong Jiang et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Piccoli et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark J. Mulligan et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ugur Sahin et al.
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eric Salazar et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangyu Chen et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Pawel Pabjan et al.
MEDICAL STUDIES-STUDIA MEDYCZNE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayelet Alpert et al.
Article
Allergy
Harry W. Schroeder et al.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
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