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COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Dramatic Response to Convalescent Hyperimmune Plasma in Association With an Extended Course of Remdesivir in 4 B Cell-Depleted Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Pneumonia After Rituximab Therapy

Anna Furlan et al.

Summary: Four NHL patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia after rituximab therapy showed early relapse and prolonged disease course despite initial treatment with remdesivir and steroids, but had rapid and significant response to convalescent hyperimmune plasma and extended course of remdesivir. These clinical observations suggest that the immunological effects of rituximab treatment in NHL patients should be considered for proper choice of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests and guiding therapeutic approaches.

CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in an Immunocompromised Patient Mediated by Convalescent Plasma without B-Cell Recovery

Maamoun Basheer et al.

Summary: This case report presents a patient who had difficulty eradicating the corona virus due to being treated with Rituximab, but the combined use of external anti-viral agents like convalescent plasma successfully helped the patient's immune system to eradicate the virus.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Mycology

Mucormycosis after Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in a heart transplant recipient - Case report and review of literature

Akshay Khatri et al.

Summary: This case report describes a rare occurrence of mucormycosis following COVID-19 in a heart transplant recipient, highlighting the potential mechanisms by which COVID-19 may predispose individuals to invasive fungal infections. Despite aggressive therapeutic measures, the patient ultimately succumbed to the infection. The study also emphasizes the need for clinicians to be vigilant in evaluating for invasive fungal infections like mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19.

JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE (2021)

Article Oncology

COVID-19 among patients with hematological malignancies: a national Israeli retrospective analysis with special emphasis on treatment and outcome

Ilana Levy et al.

Summary: This study found that COVID-19 infection is particularly severe in patients with hematological malignancies. Factors like age over 70, hypertension, and active hematological cancer treatment may increase the risk of severe disease or hospitalization, while remdesivir stands out as the most effective treatment among those examined.

LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA (2021)

Review Rheumatology

COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis on rituximab: case-based review

Alicia Rodriguez-Pla et al.

Summary: A 77-year-old man with GPA on rituximab presented with worsening cough and shortness of breath after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Although nasal swab PCR testing was negative, bronchioloalveolar lavage PCR was positive. The patient did not develop antibodies but recovered quickly with medication.

RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Hematology

Convalescent plasma therapy in B-cell-depleted and B-cell sufficient patients with life-threatening COVID-19-A case series

Johanna Erber et al.

Summary: Convalescent plasma therapy may have different effects on patients with COVID-19 based on their B-cell status, with potential benefits seen in B-cell-depleted patients. D-dimer levels increased in all patients post-treatment, with control group patients experiencing more adverse reactions compared to B-cell-depleted patients.

TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE (2021)

Letter Immunology

Convalescent plasma treatment for early post-kidney transplant acquired COVID-19

Malte A. Kluger et al.

TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2021)

Article Immunology

Case Report: Convalescent Plasma Therapy Induced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Expansion, NK Cell Maturation and Virus Clearance in a B Cell Deficient Patient After CD19 CAR T Cell Therapy

Berislav Bosnjak et al.

Summary: The case study described a B cell-deficient patient with COVID-19 after receiving CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Convalescent plasma therapy correlated with virus clearance in the patient. The findings suggest that convalescent plasma therapy can activate cellular immune responses to clear SARS-CoV-2 infections, which could be important for the treatment of COVID-19 patients if further confirmed in larger clinical studies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Case Report: Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma in a Newly Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosis With Concomitant Sars-CoV-2 Infection

Giovanni Battista Dell'Isola et al.

Summary: The use of Remdesivir and Convalescent Plasma in a pediatric ALL patient with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection led to rapid resolution of the infection without any adverse events. This treatment approach could be beneficial in accelerating infection resolution and safely initiating immunosuppressive treatment in patients with malignancies, although further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Microbiology

Emergence of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Escape Variants in an Immunocompromised Host Undergoing Convalescent Plasma Treatment

Liang Chen et al.

Summary: The study documented the microevolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunosuppressed patient undergoing steroid and convalescent plasma therapy, showing multiple NTD and RBD mutations. This suggests that immunocompromised patients may serve as breeding grounds for immune escape mutants, highlighting the need for enhanced measures to reduce transmission.

MSPHERE (2021)

Article Oncology

Association of Convalescent Plasma Therapy With Survival in Patients With Hematologic Cancers and COVID-19

Michael A. Thompson et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the association of convalescent plasma treatment with 30-day mortality in hospitalized adults with hematologic cancers and COVID-19. Results showed that convalescent plasma treatment was associated with improved 30-day mortality, especially in patients requiring intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilatory support.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Persistent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Immunocompromised Host Displaying Treatment Induced Viral Evolution

Ida Monrad et al.

Summary: This case demonstrates that immunocompromised patients may continue to carry the virus beyond the acute phase of infection, even asymptomatically. Moreover, viral sequencing revealed major changes in the spike protein over time, potentially associated with convalescent plasma treatment.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Massimo Franchini et al.

Summary: This study aimed to summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma (CP) in treating COVID-19. Results showed a reduction in mortality with CP over standard therapy when administered early and at high titer, without increased adverse reactions, although there was variability in the certainty of the evidence.

DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

A randomized controlled study of convalescent plasma for individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia

Katharine J. Bar et al.

Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of CCP in severely ill, hospitalized adults with COVID-19 pneumonia, showing significant benefits in clinical severity score and 28-day mortality. The results suggest that CCP may benefit select populations, especially those with comorbidities who are treated early.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Convalescent Plasma in a Patient with Protracted COVID-19 and Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia Due to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Buying Time to Develop Immunity?

Jaap L. J. Hanssen et al.

Summary: This study examined the immunological responses of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hypogammaglobulinemia who received treatment with COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). It was found that some serological tests for COVID-19 may not be suitable for monitoring levels of neutralizing antibodies after CCP treatment. In retrospect, it is believed that CCP gave the patient time to develop an adequate cellular immune response, leading to viral clearance and clinical recovery.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS (2021)

Article Immunology

Recovery From COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Heart Transplant Recipient A Case Report

A. Bakhsh et al.

Summary: This case study illustrates a successful recovery of a 54-year-old female solid-organ transplant recipient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia through multidisciplinary team management and individualized care plan. Solid-organ transplant recipients are at high risk for COVID-19 infection and require personalized treatment strategies for optimal outcomes.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac transplant recipient with COVID-19 induced acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a case report

Ariyon Schreiber et al.

Summary: This case report demonstrates that adjusting immunosuppressant medications in cardiac transplant recipients according to recommendations by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation can be safe and effective. Certain aspects of the current literature on COVID-19 management can be extrapolated to cardiac transplant recipients safely. Providing supportive care with dexamethasone, remdesivir, and convalescent plasma may benefit cardiac transplant recipients, although there is conflicting evidence in the current literature regarding convalescent plasma and remdesivir.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS (2021)

Article Immunology

Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients With HIV: Report From the National HOPE in Action Consortium

Sapna A. Mehta et al.

Summary: Among kidney and liver transplant recipients with HIV, there was a 4% incidence rate of COVID-19 with high mortality. Most patients required hospitalization and aggressive treatment with high-dose steroids, tocilizumab, remdesivir, and convalescent plasma.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Case of COVID-19 Re-Infection in a Liver Transplant Patient

Michael Mohseni et al.

Summary: This case report describes a rare scenario of presumed COVID-19 re-infection in a liver transplant patient who experienced mild symptoms. The patient was treated in the Emergency Department and recovered with outpatient follow-up. Immunosuppression may provide some protection from the initial disease process in COVID-19, but could also increase the risk of re-infection due to decreased humoral immunity.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Hematology

SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma therapy in pediatric patient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Dmitry Balashov et al.

Summary: A 9-month-old girl with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia who received HSCT from a haploidentical donor developed bilateral viral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was partially resolved with tocilizumab and convalescent plasma therapy. However, complete elimination of the virus was not achieved after 4 months, likely due to persistent immunodeficiency and lack of adaptive immune response post-HSCT. This case highlights the potential effectiveness of convalescent plasma in combination with other therapies for treating COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients.

TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

COVID-19 Coinfection with Mycobacterium abscessus in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma

Jose A. Rodriguez et al.

Summary: This case report underscores the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis and considering multiple coinfections, including atypical ones during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium abscessus discussed above, in order to provide goal-directed therapy.

CASE REPORTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Convalescent plasma-mediated resolution of COVID-19 in a patient with humoral immunodeficiency

Kazuhito Honjo et al.

Summary: Convalescent plasma (CP) has beneficial effects in severely ill COVID-19 patients, even when administered relatively late in the disease course. However, there are widely varying neutralizing antibody (NAbs) titers within different CP units, highlighting the importance of determining neutralizing activity for maximizing therapeutic benefits.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Usefulness of Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA Quantification by Droplet-based Digital PCR to Monitor Treatment Against COVID-19 in a B-cell Lymphoma Patient

Tali-Anne Szwebel et al.

Summary: A HIV-1-infected patient with chronic COVID-19 was treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for B-cell lymphoma, but the treatment's viral efficacy was confirmed to be poor through monitoring plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA by ddPCR. The patient's complete recovery after COVID-19 convalescent plasmatherapy was closely associated with clearance of plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned?

Noah C. Peeri et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19

Arturo Casadevall et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Hematology

Convalescent (immune) plasma treatment in a myelodysplastic COVID-19 patient with disseminated tuberculosis

Olgu Erkin Cinar et al.

TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE (2020)

News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of alarming levels of spread, severity, and inaction

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Letter Allergy

Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2-infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Estefania Mira et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research

J. C. Marshall et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Letter Oncology

Response to COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers

Stefan Hatzl et al.

LEUKEMIA (2020)

Letter Urology & Nephrology

Outcomes of COVID-19 positive kidney transplant recipients: A single-center experience

Goni Katz-Greenberg et al.

CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY (2020)

Article Hematology

Prolonged viral shedding in a lymphoma patient with COVID-19 infection receiving convalescent plasma

Ayse Karatas et al.

TRANSFUSION AND APHERESIS SCIENCE (2020)

Letter Oncology

Severe COVID-19 virus reactivation following treatment for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Guido Lancman et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

Letter Allergy

Three patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia hospitalized for COVID-19 improved with convalescent plasma

Haoli Jin et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir in the absence of humoral immunity: a case report

Matthew S. Buckland et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Atypical course of COVID-19 in patient with Bruton agammaglobulinemia

Ivana Milosevic et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Concurrent Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and COVID-19: A Management Challenge

Abdul Moiz Khan et al.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients - A Series with Successful Recovery

Ashok Choudhury et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

Jonathan A. C. Sterne et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions

Jonathan A. C. Sterne et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2016)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions

Jonathan A. C. Sterne et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2016)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

GRADE:: what is quality of evidence and why is it important to clinicians?

Gordon H. Guyatt et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2008)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses

JPT Higgins et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2003)