4.5 Editorial Material

Documenting the impacts of increasing salinity in freshwater and coastal ecosystems: Introduction to the special issue

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
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Cascading effects of freshwater salinization on plankton communities in the Sierra Nevada

Emma R. Moffett et al.

Summary: Road salt runoff causes salinization of freshwaters, with significant impacts on aquatic species. The experiment revealed that salt addition increased zooplankton biomass and reduced phytoplankton biomass. Zooplankton showed a salt-limited response at low ionic concentrations, and salinity primarily affected phytoplankton biomass through top-down regulation by grazers.

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Effects of freshwater salinization on a salt-naive planktonic eukaryote community

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Summary: Freshwater salinization is a widespread issue, but there is limited evidence on the ecological effects it has on aquatic communities. In this study, we found that salinity had a significant impact on the diversity, composition, and abundance of plankton communities, with different salt concentrations leading to the dominance of different phytoplankton groups.

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Risk to native marine macroalgae from land-use and climate change-related modifications to groundwater discharge in Hawai'i

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Tributary chloride loading into Lake Michigan

Hilary A. Dugan et al.

Summary: Anthropogenic salt sources have led to increased salinities in the Laurentian Great Lakes, with Lake Michigan experiencing a rise in chloride concentrations. The size and land use of the lake's tributaries contribute to the significant spatial variability in chloride concentrations and loads. The study conducted a spatial assessment of Lake Michigan tributaries to calculate salt loading and predict future conditions.

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The effects of salinity and N : P on N-rich toxins by both an N-fixing and non-N-fixing cyanobacteria

Felicia S. Osburn et al.

Summary: Freshwater ecosystems are being affected by increased salinization, and the hydrologic transport of harmful algal blooms (HABs) to coastal areas contributes to the interaction between eutrophication and salinization. This study found that the growth, elemental composition, and cyanotoxin production/release of two common HAB genera, Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, were influenced by the interaction between nutrients and salinity. The results highlight the importance of ecophysiological differences in N-acquisition traits in controlling cyanotoxin production and release across freshwater and marine environments.

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Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments

Marie-Pier Hebert et al.

Summary: This study conducted a large-scale mesocosm experiment across multiple sites in North America and Europe to investigate the response of lake zooplankton communities to varying chloride concentrations. The findings suggest that crustaceans are more sensitive to elevated chloride levels than rotifers, and that there is a consistent decrease in abundance and taxon richness with increasing salinity across different taxonomic groups. However, functional diversity shows a weaker loss compared to taxonomic diversity.

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Impact of salinization on lake stratification and spring mixing

Robert Ladwig et al.

Summary: Anthropogenic freshwater salinization affects lake stratification and spring mixing, delaying the mixing process and increasing water column stability, which has significant implications for oxygenation of bottom waters, biogeochemistry, and lake habitability.

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Does salinization impact long-term Daphnia assemblage dynamics? Evidence from the sediment egg bank in a small hard-water lake

Matthew J. Wersebe et al.

Summary: This study examines the effects of salinization on lake Daphnia populations by analyzing the sediment ephippia archive of a small urban lake near St. Paul, Minnesota. The results show that there were modest changes in the flux of ephippia and all three key Daphnia functional groups remained throughout the salinization period. Surprisingly, the body size of Daphnia pulicaria consistently increased contrary to expectations. These findings highlight the nuanced effects of salinization in hard-water lakes and call for further research on the overall impacts on Daphnia assemblages.

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The slow and steady salinization of Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin

Hilary A. Dugan et al.

Summary: The concentrations of solutes in seepage lakes are influenced by precipitation and groundwater inputs. Seepage lakes in areas where road salt is applied may face a high risk of salinization. Monitoring of Sparkling Lake over 40 years shows that chloride concentrations have steadily increased, indicating terrestrial retention as a factor. When modeling future chloride contamination risk, the retention of chloride on the landscape should be considered.

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Effects of chloride and nutrients on freshwater plankton communities

Danielle A. Greco et al.

Summary: Increasing chloride concentrations pose a threat to freshwater zooplankton, and current water quality guidelines do not adequately protect these organisms. Nutrient context may influence the response of phytoplankton and protists.

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Single-species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population and community effects of two salinity types

Ben J. Kefford et al.

Summary: Human-mediated salinity increases have negative effects on freshwater biodiversity globally. It is important to consider individual ion concentrations and ion ratios in addition to total concentrations when determining the effects of salinity. Single-species laboratory tests may not accurately predict the impact of different salt sources on populations and communities. This study compared the effects of synthetic marine salts and sodium bicarbonate on stream macroinvertebrates in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in southeastern Australia.

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Five state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndrome

Sujay S. Kaushal et al.

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Predictable shifts in diversity and ecosystem function in phytoplankton communities along coastal salinity continua

Kalle Olli et al.

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Mud in the city: Effects of freshwater salinization on inland urban wetland nitrogen and phosphorus availability and export

Lauren Kinsman-Costello et al.

Summary: The study highlights the widespread occurrence of salinization and eutrophication in watersheds with human activity. The researchers emphasize the lack of understanding on how the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) affects wetland biogeochemistry. They propose mechanistic hypotheses on how elevated ionic strength and changing ionic composition alter urban wetland sediment biogeochemistry, and predict that FSS diminishes nutrient removal capacity.

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Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community-level salt tolerance

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