Journal
MATHEMATICS
Volume 10, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/math10244795
Keywords
ecological footprint; globalization; natural resources; panel quantile regression; STIRPAT
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This study explores the dynamic interaction between globalization and natural resources and emphasizes the importance of achieving environmental sustainability. The findings suggest that economic development, energy consumption, population, and natural resources contribute to environmental degradation, while globalization plays a significant role in promoting environmental sustainability.
In the modern era of globalization, natural resources have become an important factor in shaping a sustainable future; however, the evidence on the role of globalization in reducing the adverse environmental impacts of natural resources is relatively scarce. The current study explores the dynamic interaction between energy consumption, economic development proxied through the human development index, population, natural resources, globalization, and ecological footprint under the core idea of the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT). This research applies panel data for the period from 1999 to 2018 in nine countries with the highest oil production (Brazil, Canada, China, Iran, Kuwait, Russia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the United States). The results of this study are based on the panel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). Empirical findings foundthat economic development, energy consumption, population, and natural resources contribute to increased environmental degradation, while globalization seems the main source of environmental sustainability. Concerning the indirect impacts of globalization, expanded interaction and integration among oil-producing countries helped to inhibit ecological footprint; nevertheless, natural resources complicate the design of a sustainable future by promoting environmental degradation. Additionally, a bidirectional causality relation was discovered between population, energy consumption, globalization, and ecological footprint; however, the panel Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test results revealed a unidirectional causality association from economic development to ecological footprint and from natural resources to ecological footprint. Our findings shed new light on the criticality of globalization in achieving environmental sustainability by providing cleaner practices that will prevent rent-seeking.
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