Performance of the RF Detectors of the Astroneu Array

Since 2014, the university campus of Hellenic Open University (HOU) has hosted the Astroneu array, which is dedicated to the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by high-energy cosmic rays (CR). The Astroneu array incorporates 9 large particle scintillation detectors and 6 antennas sensitive to the radio frequency (RF) range 1-200 MHz. The detectors are adjusted in three autonomous stations operating in an environment with a strong electromagnetic background. As shown by previous studies, EAS radio detection in such environments is possible using innovative noise rejection methods, as well as advanced analysis techniques. In this work, we present the analysis of the collected radio data corresponding to an operational period of approximately four years. We present the performance of the Astroneu radio array in reconstructing the EAS axis direction using different RF detector geometrical layouts and a technique for the estimation of the shower core by comparing simulation and experimental data. Moreover, we measure the relative amplitudes of the two mechanisms that give rise to RF emission (the Askaryan effect and geomagnetic emission) and show that they are in good agreement with previous studies as well as with the simulation predictions.

Automated summary

Since 2014, the Hellenic Open University has had the Astroneu array on its campus for the detection of extensive air showers induced by high-energy cosmic rays. The Astroneu array consists of 9 large particle scintillation detectors and 6 antennas sensitive to the 1-200 MHz radio frequency range. Previous studies have shown that innovative noise rejection methods and advanced analysis techniques can be used for radio detection of EAS in environments with strong electromagnetic background. This work presents the analysis of radio data collected over approximately four years, showcasing the performance of the Astroneu radio array in reconstructing the EAS axis direction and estimating the shower core using different RF detector geometrical layouts and simulation comparisons. Additionally, the relative amplitudes of the two mechanisms responsible for RF emission are measured and shown to be in agreement with previous studies and simulations.