Mathematical Singularities in the Farthest Confines of the Universe-And a Brief Report on Its Evolutionary History

It is advisable to avoid and, even better, demystify such grandiose terms as infinity or singularity in the description of the cosmos. Its proliferation does not positively contribute to the understanding of key concepts that are essential for an updated account of its origin and evolutionary history. It will be here argued that, as a matter of fact, there are no infinities in physics, in the real world: all that appears, in any given formulation of nature by means of mathematical equations, actually arises from extrapolations, which are made beyond the bounds of validity of the equations themselves. Such a crucial point is rather well known, but too often forgotten, and is discussed in this paper with several examples; namely, the famous Big Bang singularity and others, which appeared before in classical mechanics and electrodynamics, and notably in the quantization of field theories. A brief description of the Universe's history and evolution follows. Special emphasis is put on what is presently known, from detailed observations of the cosmos and, complementarily, from advanced experiments of very high-energy physics. To conclude, a future perspective on how this knowledge might soon improve is given.

Automated summary

It is recommended to avoid using grandiose terms like infinity or singularity in describing the cosmos, and instead provide a clear understanding of key concepts for its origin and evolutionary history. This paper argues that there are no infinities in physics and everything that appears in mathematical equations is a result of extrapolation beyond the equations' validity. Several examples are discussed, such as the Big Bang singularity, classical mechanics, electrodynamics, and field theories. The paper also presents a brief overview of the Universe's history and evolution, emphasizing the importance of detailed observations and high-energy physics experiments in expanding our knowledge.