Pharmacologic Effects of FGF21 Are Independent of the Browning'' of White Adipose Tissue

Browning,'' the appearance and activation of brown-in-white (brite) adipose cells within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) correlate with fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21)-induced weight loss and glucose homeostasis improvements. Therefore, anti-obesity therapies targeting browning and brite adipocyte activation are currently being sought. To test the dependence of weight loss on browning, we examined whether this event was responsible for FGF21-Fc's beneficial effects. Lean and diet-induced obese mice housed at 21 degrees C or 30 degrees C that received FGF21-Fc exhibited similar degrees of body weight reduction and glucose homeostasis improvement. Substantial browning of iWAT occurred only in FGF21-Fc-treated lean mice housed at 21 degrees C. Further, FGF21-Fc-treated Ucp1(-/-) mice showed robust improvements in body weight, glucose homeostasis, and plasma lipids, associated with increased energy expenditure and FGF21-Fc-induced Ppargc1 expression in iWAT. We conclude that FGF21 requires neither UCP1 nor brite adipocytes to elicit weight loss and improve glucose homeostasis.