Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Co-Pyrolysis of Plastics and Corn Stover to Produce Char and Activated Carbon

The physicochemical properties of char and activated carbon produced from the co-pyrolysis of corn stover (CS) and plastics, polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were studied. Non-isothermal gas analysis of the volatiles was conducted using an online mass spectrometer to correlate the thermal degradation of gaseous byproducts to the formation of pores in the char materials. The findings determined that the addition of PS or PET promotes the formation of the solid char product with either higher than average pore sizes or surface areas compared to control samples. The addition of PET to corn stover increases the surface area of the char formed. The char formed from a CS:PET mass ratio of 1:1 produced char with a surface area of 423.8 +/- 24.8 m(2)/g at 500 degrees C and a duration of 2 h. The surface area of the chars formed from CS and PET decreased as the amount of PET decreased, showing a tendency for PET to increase the surface area of the char materials synergistically. The addition of PS to corn stover promoted the formation of chars with, on average, larger pore sizes than the control char samples. The chars were chemically activated with potassium hydroxide, and the activated carbon that formed had lower surface areas but comparable surface functional groups to the control samples. Vanillin adsorption testing showed that activated carbon from corn stover performed the best at removing 95% of the vanillin after 2 h. In contrast, the activated carbon from the chars produced from the co-pyrolysis of corn stover and polystyrene or corn stover and polyethylene terephthalate removed 45% and 46% of vanillin after 2 h, respectively. The findings suggest that plastics have a synergistic relationship in producing char precursors with improved porosity but antagonistically affect the activated carbon adsorbent properties.

Automated summary

The study investigated the physicochemical properties of char and activated carbon produced from the co-pyrolysis of corn stover and plastics (PS and PET). The addition of PS or PET promoted the formation of solid char with larger pore sizes or higher surface areas than control samples. Activated carbon from corn stover exhibited the best performance in removing vanillin, while activated carbon from co-pyrolysis of corn stover and PS or PET showed lower removal rates.