Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants11233197
Keywords
endoplasmic reticulum (ER); ER stress; unfolded protein response (UPR); gene regulation; stress response; defense; vegetative growth; reproduction
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Inamori Research Grants from the Inamori Foundation [21K05524]
- Special Postdoctoral Researcher program from RIKEN
- Inamori Foundation
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This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on ER stress sensing, activation, and downstream regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent studies have shown that the UPR is also involved in plant growth and development, and it modulates both plant growth and stress tolerance by maintaining ER homeostasis.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle, is the major site of protein biosynthesis. The disturbance of ER function by biotic or abiotic stress triggers the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the best-studied ER stress response. This transcriptional regulatory system senses ER stress, activates downstream genes that function to mitigate stress, and restores homeostasis. In addition to its conventional role in stress responses, recent reports indicate that the UPR is involved in plant growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ER stress sensing and the activation and downstream regulation of the UPR. We also describe how the UPR modulates both plant growth and stress tolerance by maintaining ER homeostasis. Lastly, we propose that the UPR is a major component of the machinery that balances the trade-off between plant growth and survival in a dynamic environment.
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