Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging

In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells.

Automated summary

In recent years, there has been increasing attention on the various aspects of sexual dimorphism in theoretical and applied biomedicine and neurobiology. This is because male and female brain cells demonstrate differences during aging, such as a dimorphic response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, different age of onset and prevalence of such disorders, and symptomatic differences between genders. This review aims to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females, showing that these differences are influenced by factors associated with sex chromosomes and subsequent changes in signal cascades in somatic cells.