Fracturing criterion of rock hydrofracturing considering pore pressure effect

Traditional hydraulic fracturing theory believes that as the initial pore pressure increases, the breakdown pressure of the rock will decrease. Previous experimental studies have shown that the breakdown pressure of rock hydraulic fracturing may increase with the increase of initial pore pressure (gradient), which cannot be explained by traditional theory. The current understanding of the effect of pore pressure and its gradient during hydraulic fracturing is still unclear. In this study, the pore pressure effect of rock hydraulic fracturing is analyzed based on a large number of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena of rock hydraulic fracturing in the previous study. Then, a new fracture criterion of rock fracturing is built considering the pressure-gradient effect. This new fracture criterion can reflect the main influence factors, including the rock particle size, porosity, pumping flow, inner diameter of open hole section, length of main fracture, height of main fracture (or length of open hole section), fluid viscosity, pore pressure, minimum initial in situ stress and rock tensile strength. The new fracture criterion is examined by the rock fracturing experiment which considering the pressure-gradient effect. The results show that the proposed fracture criterion considering the pore pressure effect can well predict the breakdown pressure of rock, and the prediction trend is consistent with the experimental results. The average error is less than 1% when adopting the present fracture criterion. The parameter sensitivity of the fracture criterion is analyzed. Results show that the fracture pressure increases with the rock porosity and this trend becomes more apparent with a larger initial pore pressure. It shows that the fracture pressure increases with the pumped flow rate. Besides, it shows that the fracture pressure decreases when increasing the particle size of the rock, but the decreasing trend gradually slows down. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of rock hydraulic fracturing and the structural modification effect of fluids in rock engineering.

Automated summary

Traditional hydraulic fracturing theory believes that the breakdown pressure of rock decreases as the initial pore pressure increases. However, previous experimental studies have shown that the breakdown pressure of rock hydraulic fracturing may increase with the increase of initial pore pressure (gradient), which cannot be explained by traditional theory. This study analyzes the pore pressure effect of rock hydraulic fracturing and proposes a new fracture criterion considering the pressure-gradient effect. The results show that the proposed fracture criterion can accurately predict the breakdown pressure of rock, providing a theoretical basis for rock hydraulic fracturing mechanism.