Case report: Sotrovimab, remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination as salvage treatment option in two immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

The unique presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in patients with B-cell depletion: definition of 'persistent inflammatory sero-negative COVID'

Ana Belkin et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2023)

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Letter Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly sensitive to molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and the combination

Pengfei Li et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Allergy

Treatment of chronic or relapsing COVID-19 in immunodeficiency

Li-An K. Brown et al.

Summary: This study characterized a cohort of patients with chronic or relapsing COVID-19 disease who have immunodeficiency. The findings suggest that remdesivir monotherapy is often ineffective, but the combination of remdesivir with antibody-based therapeutics shows promise.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Nature does things well

[Anonymous]

EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients

A. Jayk Bernal et al.

Summary: This study found that early treatment with molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk, unvaccinated adults with Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Antibodies and Antiviral Drugs against Covid-19 Omicron Variant

Emi Takashita et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Jennifer Hammond et al.

Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients

R. L. Gottlieb et al.

Summary: In symptomatic, nonhospitalized high-risk Covid-19 patients, a 3-day course of remdesivir significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization or death compared to placebo, with acceptable safety profile.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies

Christina Y. Lee et al.

Summary: Persistent COVID-19 infection is more likely to occur in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphomas. Active therapy and diminished T-cell counts are associated with acute mortality, while B cell-depleting therapy is the main cause of rehospitalization. Patients with persistent infection show high viral entropy, especially those with impaired CD8(+) T-cell immunity. These findings highlight the need for additional therapeutic strategies to clear the virus in immunocompromised patients.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Patients

V. Dinah Parums

Summary: The first oral antiviral drug, molnupiravir, and the oral antiviral drug, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, have received regulatory approval, providing new treatment options for the management of COVID-19. These approvals are significant in the context of the rapid spread of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, there are ongoing investigations and regulatory approvals for more oral antiviral drugs.

MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR (2022)

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Review Oncology

Recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies or haematopoietic cell transplantation, from the 2021 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 9)

Simone Cesaro et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe outcomes in immunocompromised hematological patients, with high mortality rates observed. Treatment strategies focus on controlling viral replication and inflammation. However, the effectiveness and benefits of preventive and therapeutic measures in hematological patients require further investigation.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 therapeutics: Challenges and directions for the future

Philip C. Robinson et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on global society. While substantial investment in life sciences has led to rapid advancements in viral characterization, testing, and the development of highly effective vaccines, drug treatments for COVID-19 have been limited. Innovative approaches in clinical trials and repurposing existing drugs have saved lives, but there is still a need for further development of therapeutics. It is important to address the challenges and unmet needs in order to prepare for future pandemics and ensure the cost-effective development and equitable distribution of new therapeutics.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19

Miriam Merad et al.

Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Hematology

Early administration of remdesivir plus convalescent plasma therapy is effective to treat COVID-19 pneumonia in B-cell depleted patients with hematological malignancies

Ferenc Magyari et al.

Summary: In this study, the combination of remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy was found to be efficient and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies and B-cell lymphopenia. This combined treatment reduced the need for oxygen support, length of hospital stay, and viral positivity.

ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants to Vaccine-Elicited Sera and Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Hao Zhou et al.

Summary: The recent emergence of the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants with heavily mutated spike proteins has challenged the effectiveness of current vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapy. Studies have shown that these variants have reduced neutralizing titers against current vaccines and are highly resistant to some monoclonal antibodies.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Immunology

Real-life data on monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs in Italian inborn errors of immunity patients during COVID-19 pandemic

Giulia Garzi et al.

Summary: This study shows that the use of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity can reduce the risk of hospitalization and severity of COVID-19. However, the emergence of new viral strains may diminish the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

T-cell responses and therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Salman M. Toor et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is potentially an immune-related disease, where T cells play a crucial role with both pro- and anti-functions. Understanding the role of T cells in immune responses is essential for better management of COVID-19.

IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication in an Immunocompromised Patient

Ji Hoon Baang et al.

Summary: This case illustrates challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts with chronic COVID-19, who may act as persistent shedders and sources of transmission. The patient's lack of seroconversion and prolonged course highlight the importance of humoral immunity in resolving viral infections.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Hematology

SARS-CoV-2 persistence and non-protective immunity in infected haematological patients

Karolina Akinosoglou et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients: susceptibility, severity risk factors and serological response

Ana Zabalza et al.

Summary: The study found that multiple sclerosis patients have similar incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for COVID-19 as the general population. Patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy for a longer period of time may be at a higher risk of COVID-19, and less than 20% generate an antibody response. Only age was related to severity.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Letter Oncology

Poor outcome of patients with COVID-19 after CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies: results of a multicenter study on behalf of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Infectious Diseases Working Party and the European Hematology Association (EHA) Lymphoma Group

Anne Mea Spanjaart et al.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

REGEN-COV Antibody Combination and Outcomes in Outpatients with Covid-19

D. M. Weinreich et al.

Summary: REGEN-COV reduced the risk of Covid-19-related hospitalization or death, resolved symptoms, and reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral load more rapidly than the placebo.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Sotrovimab

Anil Gupta et al.

Summary: In this study, among nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic Covid-19, sotrovimab treatment significantly reduced the risk of disease progression leading to hospitalization or death compared to placebo. Patients receiving sotrovimab also had a lower rate of serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised patient

Yukiko Nakajima et al.

Summary: A COVID-19 case with advanced malignant lymphoma and chemotherapy experienced prolonged viral shedding for 2 months, eventually being discharged with negative PCR results on Day 69. Immunocompromised status may prolong viral shedding, highlighting the importance for clinicians to consider this factor.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 in B Cell-Depleted Patients After Rituximab: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge

Anna Furlan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates significant effects of B cell-depleting agents on adaptive immunity, which should be considered in the selection of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and guiding therapeutic approaches. Combination therapeutic strategies may play a crucial role in the setting of B cell immune deficiencies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

LB5. PROVENT: Phase 3 Study of Efficacy and Safety of AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Adults

Myron J Levin et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Obbina Abani et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Immunology

The Longest Persistence of Viable SARS-CoV-2 With Recurrence of Viremia and Relapsing Symptomatic COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient-A Case Study

Chiara Sepulcri et al.

Summary: Immunocompromised patients can have prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical relapses of COVID-19, with differences in cell immune dynamics and absence of virus-specific antibodies detected.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Therapy

Kaiming Tao et al.

Summary: This review summarizes a year of progress in developing antiviral therapies for COVID-19, covering efforts in preclinical and clinical drug development, with a focus on compounds inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, virus entry, interferons, and repurposed drugs inhibiting host processes for viral replication. Additionally, it concludes with insights on lessons learned and challenges ahead in SARS-CoV-2 drug development.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Oncology

COVID-19 and stem cell transplantation; results from an EBMT and GETH multicenter prospective survey

Per Ljungman et al.

Summary: The study reveals that COVID-19 patients who have undergone allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation are at high risk of developing lower respiratory tract disease, requiring ICU admission, and have increased mortality rates.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Early treatment of COVID-19 with anakinra guided by soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor plasma levels: a double-blind, randomized controlled phase 3 trial

Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou et al.

Summary: The SAVE-MORE phase 3 study demonstrated the efficacy of anakinra, an IL-1 alpha/beta inhibitor, in patients with COVID-19 and high serum levels of soluble plasminogen activator receptor, showing significant reduction in clinical deterioration and decreased 28-day mortality.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19

M. Dougan et al.

Summary: In this phase 3 trial, the combination of bamlanivimab plus etesevimab was found to reduce the incidence of Covid-19-related hospitalization and death among high-risk ambulatory patients compared to placebo, and also accelerated the decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER) : a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- controlled phase 3 trial

Vincent C. Marconi et al.

Summary: Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of disease progression overall, treatment with baricitinib in addition to standard of care (including dexamethasone) had a similar safety profile to that of standard care alone, and was associated with reduced mortality in hospitalised adults with COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biophysics